Greg Jaroszynski MD, FRCSC, Orthopaedic Surgeon
Greg Jaroszynski MD, FRCSC
Orthopaedic Surgeon

Scientific References

Reviewed by Greg Jaroszynski MD, FRCSC | Last updated May 2026

Selected guideline and review sources used to support the injection therapy section.

Guidelines and patient guidance

  1. Kolasinski SL, Neogi T, Hochberg MC, et al. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Hip, and Knee.
  2. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Management of Osteoarthritis of the Knee (Non-Arthroplasty), Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline. 3rd edition. 2021.
  3. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Management of Rotator Cuff Injuries Clinical Practice Guideline. 2025.
  4. AAOS OrthoInfo. Arthritis of the Shoulder.
  5. Health Canada. Health Canada is advising Canadians about the potential health risks associated with unauthorized cell therapy treatments such as stem cell therapy. 2019.

Injection timing before joint replacement

  1. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Diagnosis and Prevention of Periprosthetic Joint Infections Clinical Practice Guideline. 2021.
  2. Lai Q, Cai K, Lin T, et al. Prior intra-articular corticosteroid injection within 3 months may increase the risk of deep infection in subsequent joint arthroplasty: a meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2022;480(5):971-979.
  3. Kim MS, Joo YB, Song JH. Preoperative intra-articular steroid injections within 3 months increase the risk of periprosthetic joint infection in total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18:148.
  4. Albanese J, et al. Infection risk increases after total hip arthroplasty within 3 months following intra-articular corticosteroid injection. J Arthroplasty. 2023.

Selected review literature

  1. Juni P, Hari R, Rutjes AWS, et al. Intra-articular corticosteroid for knee osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015.
  2. Bellamy N, Campbell J, Robinson V, Gee T, Bourne R, Wells G. Viscosupplementation for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006.
  3. Khan M, Shanmugaraj A, Prada C, Patel A, Babins E, Bhandari M. The role of hyaluronic acid for soft tissue indications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Health. 2023;15(1):86-96.
  4. Liu W, Lin B, Yao H, Chen Z, Hu Y. Effects of sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of rotator cuff lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthop J Sports Med. 2022;10(8):23259671221115743.
  5. Cai YU, Sun Z, Liao B, Song Z, Xiao T, Zhu P. Sodium hyaluronate and platelet-rich plasma for partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(2):227-233.
  6. Petrella RJ, Petrella MJ, Cogliano A. Periarticular hyaluronic acid in acute ankle sprain. Clin J Sport Med. 2007;17(4):251-257.
  7. Zinger G, Bregman A, Safran O, Beyth S, Peyser A. Hyaluronic acid injections for chronic tennis elbow. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2022;14(1):8.
  8. Migliorini F, Driessen A, Quack V, et al. Comparison between intra-articular infiltrations of placebo, steroids, hyaluronic and PRP for knee osteoarthritis: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2021;141(9):1473-1490.
  9. Qiao X, Yan L, Feng Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid, and PRP and combination therapy for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2023;24:926.
  10. Gopinatth V, Batra AK, Chahla J, et al. Degenerative meniscus tears treated nonoperatively with platelet-rich plasma yield variable clinical and imaging outcomes: a systematic review. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2024;6(2):100916.
  11. Pelluri R, Sridevi B, Guntupalli C, et al. Effect of platelet-rich plasma versus placebo or corticosteroid for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2025;62:102870.
  12. Liang J, Tu M, Li H, Chen W, Wang C. Efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma for patients with meniscal injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Orthop J Sports Med. 2025;13(10):23259671251371233.
  13. Dai WL, Zhou AG, Zhang H, Zhang J. Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arthroscopy. 2017.
  14. Kemp JA, Olson MA, Tao MA, Burcal CJ. Platelet-rich plasma versus corticosteroid injection for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2021.
  15. Dakkak M, Saleem A, Patel D, et al. A systematic review of randomized control trials looking at functional improvement of rotator cuff partial thickness tears following platelet-rich-plasma injection. JSES Int. 2024;8(3):464-471.
  16. Xiang XN, Deng J, Liu Y, et al. Conservative treatment of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears and tendinopathy with platelet-rich plasma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2021;35(12):1661-1673.
  17. Averell N, Goodwin B, Park S, et al. The concentration of platelets in PRP does not affect pain outcomes in lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Manag. 2024;14(4):223-233.
  18. Barman A, Sinha MK, Sahoo J, et al. Platelet-rich plasma injection in the treatment of patellar tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Knee Surg Relat Res. 2022;34:22.
  19. Fei X, Lang L, Lingjiao H, Wei C, Zhou X. Platelet-rich plasma has better mid-term clinical results than traditional steroid injection for plantar fasciitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2021;107(6):103007.
  20. Ling SKK, Mak CTK, Lo JPY, Yung PSH. Effect of platelet-rich plasma injection on the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthop J Sports Med. 2024;12(11):23259671241296508.